| Abstract title: | Participatory methodologies: double-edged swords | 
    
      | Author: | Eliud Ngunjiri | 
    
      | Issue: | Volume 8, Number 4 1998 | 
  
  The author puts forward the personal view that participatory methodologies (such as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)) are often used by NGOs in such a way that they create a negative impact on the community they were intended to empower. Arguing that these methodologies incite the poor to feel the need to seem poor - a potentially disastrous starting point for any collaborative community/NGO initiative the author advocates an approach by which communities identify their resources, and their capacity to improve their quality of life.
  