A brief report of a conference held in Kenya in July 1991 bringing together specialists from a UNRISD research programme examining the national and regional implications of deforestation for the livelihood and living conditions of the poor in rural and urban areas. The preliminary findings include identifying the major role that public policies have played in the deforestation, the way weaker sections of the population have been disproportionately affected, and how official measures to rectify the spiralling situation have been inadequate.