Symposium Papers

This symposium, co-hosted by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) and the South Africa Office of Oxfam, drew together individuals and organisations working in the areas of violence, conflict and peace-building. Here, Thompson presents a comparative study of reconciliation and reconstruction processes in post-conflict Central America and Southern Africa.

This symposium, co-hosted by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) and the South Africa Office of Oxfam, drew together individuals and organisations working in the areas of violence, conflict and peace-building. In this paper, the author draws on her experiences in Central America and discusses the phenomenon of NGO staff leaving the region when armed conflict ceased.

This symposium, co-hosted by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) and the South Africa Office of Oxfam, drew together individuals and organisations working in the areas of violence, conflict and peace-building. The author here recounts her work with the Independent Projects Trust (IPT) in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, providing training in conflict-resolution skills.

This symposium, co-hosted by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) and the South Africa Office of Oxfam, drew together individuals and organisations working in the areas of violence, conflict and peace-building. Castelo-Branco reports briefly on the use of child soldiers in the conflict in Mozambique, making them both the victims and perpetrators of violence. The trauma of such brutalisation is discussed, as well as children's coping strategies and the community-oriented psychological and economic assistance offered by AMOSAPU.

This symposium, co-hosted by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) and the South Africa Office of Oxfam, drew together individuals and organisations working in the areas of violence, conflict and peace-building. Here, the author discusses the impact of displacement (because of war) on families in Angola and Mozambique, and is specifically concerned with its effects on women and young people, who are believed to suffer the most profound psycho-social damage in these circumstances.

This symposium, co-hosted by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) and the South Africa Office of Oxfam, drew together individuals and organisations working in the areas of violence, conflict and peace-building. Ingham-Thorpe describes how Mugabe's policy of reconciliation in Zimbabwe left intact many oppressive and inequitable structures, for example the land-reform issue remained unresolved. She also considers the displaced violence, massive youth unemployment, and the trauma of unmet expectations since demobilisation.

This paper discusses the issues of reconciliation, truth commissions, and alternative ways of healing, focusing on what reconciliation means to different people and cultures, how reconciliation works in practice, what role truth commissions play in the process, and what alternative ways of healing have been used, specifically in Mozambique. The author bases his thinking, not on established theories, but on how people become reconciled with each other in practice.

This symposium, co-hosted by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR) and the South Africa Office of Oxfam, drew together individuals and organisations working in the areas of violence, conflict and peace-building. Here, the author considers `alternative' ways of creating collective memories, used by countries and communities without access to the formal state frameworks of truth commissions or war-crimes tribunals. This article also appears in the Development in Practice Reader Development and Patronage.

In this paper, the author addresses some of the myths about solutions to social conflict, and reflects on problems he experienced with aid efforts organised by the international community, through the UN, focusing on Bosnia rather than Africa. Bosnia, as part of Europe, did not suffer the apathy that characterised international responses to events in Rwanda and Burundi before 1994. He then addresses what he sees as the flawed assumptions underlying the emphasis on economic reconstruction in the wake of war and conflict.

This paper explores some of the reasons for the failure of the international community to act decisively in preempting the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. These are rooted both in long-distant history and in the dynamics of post-Cold War international politics. Drawing on a decade of experience in Central Africa, the author looks critically at the widely accepted explanations of the genocide and its aftermath as `simply tribal fighting', and considers the role of external agents - journalists and aid agencies alike - in fostering this view.