Oceania e Japão

Ação coletiva e promoção de associações baseadas na floresta sobre produtos provenientes da floresta que não usem madeira em Camarões

Este artigo documenta ações coletivas realizadas por associações baseadas na floresta para terem acesso a melhores preços por seus produtos que não utilizam madeira através de vendas em grupo. As vendas em grupo podem aumentar a renda dos vendedores do grupo em até 40 por cento em comparação com vendedores individuais. A institucionalização das vendas em grupo reforça as relações sociais e coesão e também a confiança mútua. As vendas em grupo mostraram ser um passo preliminar fundamental no desenvolvimento e crescimento de empresas de pequeno e médio porte. O artigo conclui que as vendas em grupo bem-sucedidas exigem um forte compromisso entre os membros das associações baseadas na floresta. Fatores-chave influenciando ações coletivas são discutidos.

The full article is available here:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09614524.2012.714353

 

Author: 
Mala, William Armand
Author: 
Tieguhong, Julius Chupezi
Author: 
Ndoye, Ousseynou
Author: 
Grouwels, Sophie
Author: 
Betti, Jean Lagarde
Page: 
122

Editorial (22.8)

In our final issue of the year, at least two of the articles raise issues beyond the immediate subject they deal with. Both touch on issues around the nature of development itself, and the roles of individuals and institutions engaged in development. The first, by Carolijn Terwindt and Chris van der Borgh, is a challenging article on the shrinking space for NGOs, based on case material from Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, and the Philippines. They explore a framework which takes into account local political characteristics, the mix of pressures on NGOs, as well as the style and objectives of the NGOs themselves.
 

We hope that some of these issues around shrinking space will be followed up in a special issue of Development in Practice being planned for 2013. Whilst some critics of NGOs have argued that advocacy and influencing have not produced the results promised in terms of real changes for poor people, it has to be noted that clearly in many countries local governments still see NGOs and civil society organisations more widely as a threat to their monopoly of power. Attempts to close the space for civil society by the state would indicate that they are indeed having a degree of success in sometimes difficult circumstances.

The second article, by Hannah Green, explores a spectrum from philanthropy to participation through the lens of development studies students and their motivation for engaging in development. Her study is timely, given the large numbers still enrolling on development studies courses. Whether the personal motivation of the students will be rewarded through the current architecture of international development agencies is a point left for further study! The orthodoxies of the main development agencies have in many ways slipped back from the participation model that Green posits as one end of the spectrum, and the one to which most students adhere.

We now witness a renewed focus by many aid agencies on very top-down, universalistic, service delivery approaches to development. We realise that politicians are less enamoured by talk of long-term development, transformational change, and capacity development sustainability. Instead we have the focus on short-term, concrete results. Given the attitudes of a broad range of development workers who accept the need for longer term engagement, and dealing with the causes and not just the symptoms of poverty, it would appear that there is an increasing disjuncture between those who delivery development assistance and those who pay for it.

The perennial need to balance the empirical and pragmatic against the broader overview of policies, approaches, and motivations in development needs to be regularly reframed. With changes in many developing countries it seems that we need to question some of the approaches to development currently being accepted as standard. This is not always easy given the increasing dependence of both states and NGOs alike on a small number of official donors. There is a tendency to crowd out different views and approaches in favour of an increasingly homogenous set of approaches; approaches which often seem to owe more to a political shift in donor countries than to any real shift in evidence bases. Therefore Development in Practice will continue to look for well thought-out and evidenced articles which challenge all of our assumptions, from whichever position we take them.

Peter Westoby and Rupert van Blerk review the training of community development workers in South Africa by a large and growing government initiative. They suggest improvements in the training, and compare existing practice in South Africa to other experiences and to 50 years' thinking and practice in this crucial area. The authors reinforce earlier conclusions that community development is only as good as the training of the staff involved.

Several papers look at the impact of different development interventions. Max Saunders and David Bromwich share an evaluation of a programme supporting modern cooperatives in Gansu, China, noting the positive social and economic outcomes for members and how they have resolved some of the problems with previous cooperative models in China. Franklin Obeng-Odoom questions the dominant view of access to water, showing that other issues such as affordability, quality, reliability, and distribution have now emerged. Based on experiences in Ghana, Obeng-Odoom aims to counter-balance the simplistic use of access as the only indicator of success in water programmes. William Mala et al. review the commercialisation of non-wood forest products in Cameroon, concluding that by selling as groups communities can increase their income by an average of 40 per cent compared to individual sellers. The study is an important contribution to the ongoing debate about value chains and whether individual or group approaches are the most effective.

Finally, as we come to the end of 2012, on behalf of the whole editorial team I would like to thank both all the authors and referees who we have worked with over the year, and our very many readers. Special thanks are also due to our contributing editors, our wider editorial advisory group, and our colleagues at Taylor and Francis, for their support throughout the year.

To access the pdf version, please follow the link below:

http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/current

Author: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
63

Doadores e governança: o potencial do desenvolvimento baseado na fé no Pacífico Asiático

As organizações da sociedade civil, incluindo aquelas que são baseadas na fé, estão sendo cada vez mais vistas como stakeholders cruciais que podem influenciar políticas governamentais, advogar em nome das pessoas pobres e contribuir para a implementação de serviços e desenvolvimento. Este artigo discute as interações entre grupos religiosos e o estado e como eles influenciam a sociedade na região etnicamente diversificada do Pacífico Asiático.

Author: 
Thornton, Alec
Author: 
Sakai, Minako
Author: 
Hassall, Graham
Page: 
779

Editorial (22.2)

Development in Practice prides itself in being one of the most international of development journals, based on both authorship and readership. To reinforce our commitment to this international participation we are pleased to announce that our editorial team will now be strengthened by a group of regionally based contributing editors, who will provide a perspective on the key development issues, authors, and publications from those regions.

Author: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
141

Bem-estar infantil e o ACNUR: em defesa da educação de pais refugiados no contexto de pré-reassentamento

Sabe-se muito pouco sobre a questão da ecologia na experiência de educação dos filhos de refugiados em contextos de pré-reassentamento. Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que é resultado de um estudo mais amplo buscando explicar por que os pais refugiados estão aparecendo no sistema sul-australiano de proteção infantil. Em particular, a pesquisa destaca a necessidade de educação parental como intervenção precoce.

Author: 
Williams, Nombasa
Page: 
110

Editorial (22.1)

The world is standing at a major point in its history as I write, with European politicians still deliberating as to how a deepening of the international economic crisis will be averted or at least mitigated. The longer term implications for developing and emerging economies cannot yet be known. At one level we may see a major change in the emphasis of development aid, as well as priorities within developing countries as the demand-led consumer boom falters, but new opportunities arise in those countries still maintaining their economic growth.

Author: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
1

Editorial (21.8)

As we come to an end of 2011, will the year mark a historical turning point for international development as we know it, or will this corner not be reached for a couple of years yet? The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) international summit was held at the end of 2010, yet in reviewing this summit it is not clear that much has really changed. Many donors are still keen to support the MDGs through to target point of 2015, but most are following plans already laid out in their existing budgets.

Author: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
35

Reexaminando a Agenda da Declaração de Paris – uma Orientação Inclusiva e Realista para a Efetividade da Ajuda

O avanço dos esforços para se chegar nos compromissos da Declaração de Paris sobre a Efetividade da Ajuda tem sido lento. Este artigo explica os desafios enfrentados pela agenda da efetividade da ajuda e discute por que e como isto precisa ser reexaminado. Para elucidar as diferenças nas abordagens dos doadores em relação é efetividade da ajuda, uma comparação é feita entre o Reino Unido e Japão, que leva a duas sugestões.

Author: 
Owa, Masumi
Page: 
987

Editorial (21.7)

At whatever level we are working, or researching, it is probably a truism that development is a slow business. Recently a UN official said to me that there is no appetite for longer term solutions to the socio-political structural issues which maintain poverty; and that people have been coming to the same conclusion for at least 30 years. Similarly we are often poor at researching longer term trends, not least because the current trend is for short-term ‘results’ from development aid, and evidence to back it up.

Author: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
911

Direitos humanos de ‘pão com manteiga’: ONGs em Fiji

Embora as abordagens de desenvolvimento ‘baseadas em direitos’ – aquelas em que o desenvolvimento e o alívio da pobreza são vistos através de uma lente de direitos humanos – têm se tornado a linguagem de escolha entre a comunidade de desenvolvimento internacional, menos se sabe sobre como os direitos humanos são utilizados para o desenvolvimento no âmbito local.

Author: 
Llewellyn-Fowler, Mary
Author: 
Overton, John
Page: 
827
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