Europe occidentale et du Sud

Action collective et promotion des associations forestières concernant les produits forestiers non ligneux au Cameroun

Cet article documente les actions collectives entreprises par les associations forestières pour accéder à de meilleurs prix pour leurs produits forestiers non ligneux par l'intermédiaire de ventes groupées. Les ventes groupées peuvent accroître les revenus des vendeurs groupés de jusqu'à 40 pour cent par rapport aux vendeurs individuels. L'institutionnalisation des ventes groupées renforce la cohésion et les liens sociaux, ainsi que la confiance mutuelle. Les ventes groupées se sont révélées constituer une étape préliminaire clé du développement et de la croissance des petites et moyennes entreprises. L'article conclut que, pour réussir, les ventes groupées requièrent un fort engagement de la part des membres des associations forestières. Les facteurs clés qui influent sur les actions collectives font l'objet d'une discussion.

The full article is available here:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09614524.2012.714353

 

Auteur: 
Mala, William Armand
Auteur: 
Tieguhong, Julius Chupezi
Auteur: 
Ndoye, Ousseynou
Auteur: 
Grouwels, Sophie
Auteur: 
Betti, Jean Lagarde
Page: 
122

Du paternalisme à la participation : les motivations et manières de voir des « développeurs »

Il s'est récemment produit une évolution dans le discours du développement, des idées de paternalisme à celles de participation. Cet article se situe dans le contexte d'une critique postmoderne du développement et met en question la supposition selon laquelle les idées relatives au développement continuent d'exister dans le même espace discursif. En se basant sur les étudiants de troisième cycle en section études de développement de l'University of East Anglia (UEA), il tente de déterminer pourquoi les étudiants souhaitent travailler dans le secteur du développement et la manière dont l'individu appréhende et conceptualise cette entreprise. Il traite du rôle des études de troisième cycle dans l'élaboration d'une prise de conscience nécessaire pour parvenir à un développement vraiment transformateur.

The full article is available here:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09614524.2012.714351

 

Auteur: 
Green, Hannah
Page: 
109

Editorial (22.8)

In our final issue of the year, at least two of the articles raise issues beyond the immediate subject they deal with. Both touch on issues around the nature of development itself, and the roles of individuals and institutions engaged in development. The first, by Carolijn Terwindt and Chris van der Borgh, is a challenging article on the shrinking space for NGOs, based on case material from Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, and the Philippines. They explore a framework which takes into account local political characteristics, the mix of pressures on NGOs, as well as the style and objectives of the NGOs themselves.
 

We hope that some of these issues around shrinking space will be followed up in a special issue of Development in Practice being planned for 2013. Whilst some critics of NGOs have argued that advocacy and influencing have not produced the results promised in terms of real changes for poor people, it has to be noted that clearly in many countries local governments still see NGOs and civil society organisations more widely as a threat to their monopoly of power. Attempts to close the space for civil society by the state would indicate that they are indeed having a degree of success in sometimes difficult circumstances.

The second article, by Hannah Green, explores a spectrum from philanthropy to participation through the lens of development studies students and their motivation for engaging in development. Her study is timely, given the large numbers still enrolling on development studies courses. Whether the personal motivation of the students will be rewarded through the current architecture of international development agencies is a point left for further study! The orthodoxies of the main development agencies have in many ways slipped back from the participation model that Green posits as one end of the spectrum, and the one to which most students adhere.

We now witness a renewed focus by many aid agencies on very top-down, universalistic, service delivery approaches to development. We realise that politicians are less enamoured by talk of long-term development, transformational change, and capacity development sustainability. Instead we have the focus on short-term, concrete results. Given the attitudes of a broad range of development workers who accept the need for longer term engagement, and dealing with the causes and not just the symptoms of poverty, it would appear that there is an increasing disjuncture between those who delivery development assistance and those who pay for it.

The perennial need to balance the empirical and pragmatic against the broader overview of policies, approaches, and motivations in development needs to be regularly reframed. With changes in many developing countries it seems that we need to question some of the approaches to development currently being accepted as standard. This is not always easy given the increasing dependence of both states and NGOs alike on a small number of official donors. There is a tendency to crowd out different views and approaches in favour of an increasingly homogenous set of approaches; approaches which often seem to owe more to a political shift in donor countries than to any real shift in evidence bases. Therefore Development in Practice will continue to look for well thought-out and evidenced articles which challenge all of our assumptions, from whichever position we take them.

Peter Westoby and Rupert van Blerk review the training of community development workers in South Africa by a large and growing government initiative. They suggest improvements in the training, and compare existing practice in South Africa to other experiences and to 50 years' thinking and practice in this crucial area. The authors reinforce earlier conclusions that community development is only as good as the training of the staff involved.

Several papers look at the impact of different development interventions. Max Saunders and David Bromwich share an evaluation of a programme supporting modern cooperatives in Gansu, China, noting the positive social and economic outcomes for members and how they have resolved some of the problems with previous cooperative models in China. Franklin Obeng-Odoom questions the dominant view of access to water, showing that other issues such as affordability, quality, reliability, and distribution have now emerged. Based on experiences in Ghana, Obeng-Odoom aims to counter-balance the simplistic use of access as the only indicator of success in water programmes. William Mala et al. review the commercialisation of non-wood forest products in Cameroon, concluding that by selling as groups communities can increase their income by an average of 40 per cent compared to individual sellers. The study is an important contribution to the ongoing debate about value chains and whether individual or group approaches are the most effective.

Finally, as we come to the end of 2012, on behalf of the whole editorial team I would like to thank both all the authors and referees who we have worked with over the year, and our very many readers. Special thanks are also due to our contributing editors, our wider editorial advisory group, and our colleagues at Taylor and Francis, for their support throughout the year.

To access the pdf version, please follow the link below:

http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cdip20/current

Auteur: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
63

Réflexion sur les organisations à base religieuse dans le développement : où en sommes-nous et quelles sont les étapes suivantes?

Cet article fait le point sur la réflexion actuelle concernant la nature et le caractère distinct des organisations à base religieuse (OBR) dans le développement. Depuis les années 1990, la réflexion théorique en matière de politiques publiques venue des États-Unis a cherché à définir et à catégoriser les OBR.

Auteur: 
Tomalin, Emma
Page: 
689

Editorial (22.2)

Development in Practice prides itself in being one of the most international of development journals, based on both authorship and readership. To reinforce our commitment to this international participation we are pleased to announce that our editorial team will now be strengthened by a group of regionally based contributing editors, who will provide a perspective on the key development issues, authors, and publications from those regions.

Auteur: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
141

Editorial (22.1)

The world is standing at a major point in its history as I write, with European politicians still deliberating as to how a deepening of the international economic crisis will be averted or at least mitigated. The longer term implications for developing and emerging economies cannot yet be known. At one level we may see a major change in the emphasis of development aid, as well as priorities within developing countries as the demand-led consumer boom falters, but new opportunities arise in those countries still maintaining their economic growth.

Auteur: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
1

Editorial (21.8)

As we come to an end of 2011, will the year mark a historical turning point for international development as we know it, or will this corner not be reached for a couple of years yet? The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) international summit was held at the end of 2010, yet in reviewing this summit it is not clear that much has really changed. Many donors are still keen to support the MDGs through to target point of 2015, but most are following plans already laid out in their existing budgets.

Auteur: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
35

Remanier l'ordre de jour de la Déclaration de Paris – une orientation inclusive et réaliste pour l'efficacité de l'aide

Le progrès des initiatives visant à atteindre les engagements de la Déclaration de Paris sur l'efficacité de l'aide a été lent. Ce document explique les défis auxquels se heurte l'ordre du jour de l'efficacité de l'aide et traite des raisons et des manières de le remanier. Afin de clarifier les différences d'approche de la part des bailleurs de fonds en matière d'efficacité de l'aide, une comparaison est faite entre le Royaume-Uni et le Japon qui aboutit à deux suggestions.

Auteur: 
Owa, Masumi
Page: 
987

Editorial (21.7)

At whatever level we are working, or researching, it is probably a truism that development is a slow business. Recently a UN official said to me that there is no appetite for longer term solutions to the socio-political structural issues which maintain poverty; and that people have been coming to the same conclusion for at least 30 years. Similarly we are often poor at researching longer term trends, not least because the current trend is for short-term ‘results’ from development aid, and evidence to back it up.

Auteur: 
Pratt, Brian
Page: 
911

Penser et agir en dehors du carcan des dons caritatifs de nourriture : la faim et le droit à la nourriture dans les sociétés riches

Du point de vue de l'approvisionnement en nourriture, les 30 États membres de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) – le club des pays riches du monde – peuvent raisonnablement affirmer qu'ils sont autosuffisants.

Auteur: 
Riches, Graham
Page: 
768
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